You wrote in-class essays on either Louis Riel or Wilfred Laurier I gave you the five possible essay questions for Monday's final.
NEXT CLASS: Final exam (aka in-class essay)
Block C (1-3) English 11
We went to the Grade 11/12 awards ceremony. Congratulations to all the recipients!
Block B (1-2) English 9
You handed in your "Why do people lie?" essays You compared travel writing to typical narratives I gave you the choice of final exam essay questions and the outline for the comprehensive final
NEXT CLASS: Final exam in-class essay
Block A (1-1) English 9
You handed in your "Why do people lie?" essays You compared travel writing to typical narratives I gave you the choice of final exam essay questions and the outline for the comprehensive final
NEXT CLASS: Final exam in-class essay
Just in case any of you were still caring about hockey...
Finished listening and evaluating the radio plays today.
Block F (2-2) English 8
Quiz on The Dark Crystal.
Finished watching The Dark Crystal.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Prepare an outline for the in-class essay to answer the question,"In The Dark Crystal, when are "showing" and "telling" the story used to the best effect?"
Block E (2-1) English 8
Quiz on The Dark Crystal.
Finished watching The Dark Crystal.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Prepare an outline for the in-class essay to answer the question,"In The Dark Crystal, when are "showing" and "telling" the story used to the best effect?"
And... just because everything gets a sequel these days...
We listened to the radio plays and evaluated them.
Block F (2-2) English 8
For your final story-telling lesson, you were supposed to watch Jim Henson's The Dark Crystal and note the instances of "showing" information versus "telling" information. Unfortunately, many of you were not up to the task of learning today. Hopefully, Wednesday will be a less disappointing class.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Study your summaries for a quiz next class.
Block E (2-1) English 8
You watched Jim Henson's The Dark Crystal and noted the instances of "showing" information versus "telling" information.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Study your summaries for a quiz next class.
You had this class to select a short story which you and your group will transform into audio media.
Keep in mind the requirements:
->5 - 15 minutes long
->must include sound effects and/or music
->multiple voices/speakers
->final product must be submitted as a sound recording of some kind
->you must submit a typed final edition of the script
->there must be a reasonable level of transformation
Block F (2-2) English 8
You had this class to present your three selections to your group members and solicit their feedback.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Select the ONE piece you will present. *Time yourself while you read it aloud. Record the length of time it takes to read the piece from beginning to end. Repeat twice from *
Block E (2-1) English 8
You had this class to present your three selections to your group members and solicit their feedback.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Complete your reflection on your feedback sheet. Select the ONE piece you will present. *Time yourself while you read it aloud. Record the length of time it takes to read the piece from beginning to end. Repeat twice from *
We looked at the BC Treaty Process today. You took notes.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Research the timeline for the Nisga'a People's treaty negotiation.
Block C (1-3) English 11
You did a quick free-write, turning a fairy-tale or nursery rhyme into a news story. Then you had the rest of the class to complete a short-story outline and draft.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Complete the outline and draft for your short story, revise the draft and then type and print a good copy.
Block B (1-2) English 9
We worked on sensory adjectives today - descriptor words that appeal to the physical senses. You wrote a quick sensory poem for me before the end of class.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Write another sensory poem on a different topic than you did in class.
Block A (1-1) English 9
We worked on sensory adjectives today - descriptor words that appeal to the physical senses. You wrote a quick sensory poem for me before the end of class.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Write another sensory poem on a different topic than you did in class.
You had a free-write period today to finish up your drafts of the news --> short story assignment. You were given a Freytag's Pyramid outline to help. Story drafts should be 5-10 pages, hand-written, double-spaced.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Complete the Pyramid outline and the draft. Revise and type up (and print) a good copy of the story. Outline, draft AND good copy must all be handed in together.
Block F (2-2) English 8
You had today's class to get started on your proverb story drafts. Story drafts should be 3-5 pages, hand-written, double-spaced. There should be one half-page, hand-drawn illustration (fine-lined and coloured) for EACH hand-written page of story.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Complete your draft. Revise and type up (and print) a good copy INCORPORATING the illustrations into the good copy. Draft and illustrated good copy must all be handed in together.
Block E (2-1) English 8
You had today's class to finish your proverb story drafts. Story drafts should be 3-5 pages, hand-written, double-spaced. There should be one half-page, hand-drawn illustration (fine-lined and coloured) for EACH hand-written page of story.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Complete your draft. Revise and type up (and print) a good copy INCORPORATING the illustrations into the good copy. Draft and illustrated good copy must all be handed in together.
Prize to the first student who names IN ORDER all the sitcoms the guys below are singing the theme songs of. Your parents might be helpful. I said "might".
We were in the computer lab today looking at 1870 Census information and the Chinese population in BC. You were SUPPOSED to print the 3 tables and answer the 9 questions assigned in COMPLETE sentences on a SEPARATE sheet of paper and have the answers checked BUT no one actually did so...
FOR NEXT CLASS: Answer all TEN questions. Hand in the 3 tables and your answers stapled together and the worksheet SEPARATELY.
Block C (1-3) English 11
You had a free-write period on a short-story based on a real-life news report.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Turn on a news broadcast AT THE START of the show. Record (write down) the first three headlines reported and categorize them as legitimate or hype. Note the channel and time of the broadcast.
Block B (1-2) English 9
We worked on found poetry today using newspapers.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Create a 30-line (minimum) found poem using a printed-word source from home. DO NOT CUT OUT THIS ONE. Copy the lines by hand.
Block A (1-1) English 9
We worked on found poetry today using newspapers and magazines.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Create a 30-line (minimum) found poem using a printed-word source from home. DO NOT CUT OUT THIS ONE. Copy the lines by hand.
In groups you discussed the effects of the media on the public, what legitimate news is compared to hype, and why media often chooses to create hype.
You started a free-write on a short story based on a real-life news report.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Turn on a news broadcast AT THE START of the show. Record (write down) the first three headlines reported and categorize them as legitimate or hype. Note the channel and time of the broadcast.
Block F (2-2) English 8
We looked at proverbs from all over the world today. You spent some time, individually and in groups, discussing what they mean.
FOR NEXT CLASS:
1) Finish interpreting the 40 proverbs on the list.
2) Select 3-5 proverbs from the list that you feel that you understand well and on which you think you could write a story.
3) Bring the 3 stories and/or poems you were supposed to bring today to class.
Block E (2-1) English 8
We looked at proverbs from all over the world today. You spent some time, individually and in groups, discussing what they mean. You had 15 minutes at the end to free-write a story which demonstrates one of them.
FOR NEXT CLASS:
1) Bring the 3 stores and/or poems you were supposed to bring today to class.
2) Finish interpreting the 40 proverbs if you haven't already.
We finished listening to the radio play. Those who attended Tuesday's class read the essay by Prof Michelle Butler "The Martian Invasion" and wrote about a recent event covered extensively by the media which turned out to be false or was not really "news" (Eg. Michael Jackson's death). Those who missed Tuesday's class read the New York Times and Ecuadorian accounts of the reactions to their respective 1938 and 1949 broadcasts and wrote a comparison of the two, followed by their answer to whether or not a panic like that could happen today.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Complete the homework assignment that was written on the board.
Block B (1-2) English 9
We finished the notes on poetic devices (there should be 50 altogether)
You glossed Alfred Noyes' poem,"The Highwayman" for poetic devices.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Write a paragraph for the following:
"Citing 5 different poetic devices (figurative language, imagery, etc.) explain how Noyes creates excitement and emotion in his poem "The Highwayman"
Block A (1-1) English 9
We finished the notes on poetic devices (there should be 50 altogether)
You glossed Alfred Noyes' poem,"The Highwayman" for poetic devices.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Write a paragraph for the following:
"Citing 5 different poetic devices (figurative language, imagery, etc.) explain how Noyes creates excitement and emotion in his poem "The Highwayman"
We listened to the remaining part of the radio broadcast of "War of the Worlds". You read the reactions of the Americans to what they believed to be a real Martian invasion (New York Times link) and the reactions 10 years later of the Ecuadorians who heard a similar broadcast (link to the article).
FOR NEXT CLASS: Answer the following two questions in complete paragraphs:
1: Compare and contrast the reactions of the Americans in 1938 to the Ecuadorians in 1939
2: Could something like this happen today? Why or why not?
Block F (2-2) English 8
We listened to Neil Gaiman reading four different pieces of his own writing.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Bring 3 pieces of writing (a mix of poetry and stories) that you might consider presenting as your first individual piece.
Block E (2-1) English 8
We listened to Neil Gaiman reading four different pieces of his own writing.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Bring 3 pieces of writing (a mix of poetry and stories) that you might consider presenting as your first individual piece. Finish your comparison between "Cinnamon" and "The Day I Swapped My Dad for Two Goldfish" and your drawing of Lucy from "The Wolves in the Walls".
Amor de Cosmos was a newspaper man and politician who campaigned hard for Confederation. He also campaigned for Canada to give BC much more in terms of joining privileges than had been originally agreed upon. Politicians from Quebec thought that BC was given an unfairly large share of federal funds.
Block C (1-3) English 11
With half the class gone on the Physics field trip, we read news reports on the reactions to the War of the Worlds radio broadcast - first in 1938 and then in 1949. You wrote a comparison of the two public reactions and answered the question: Could this happen today, why and how or why not?
Block B (1-2) English 9
Continued with the poetry terms.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Continue finding examples (2 different poets per term, pls) for the poetry terms.
Block A (1-1) English 9 Continued with the poetry terms. I gave you some time to fill in your table of terms and examples.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Continue finding examples (2 different poets per term, pls) for the poetry terms.
We listened to the first half of Orson Wells' broadcast of "The War of the Worlds"
You wrote a page, comparing & contrasting the novel and the radio play.
Block F (2-2) English 8
Reader's Theatre performances today. Good work.
You wrote a brief reflection of how your group prepared for the presentations and how you might budget your time in preparing for your individual presentations.
Block E (2-1) English 8
Reader's Theatre performances today. Good work.
You wrote a brief reflection of how your group prepared for the presentations and how you might budget your time in preparing for your individual presentations.
We looked at the representation of certain populations in BC History. We practised the PAWS PoV with cartoons appropriate to our unit.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Complete the second PAWS PoV analysis. Pick one of the two cartoon analyses and write it up in a paragraph. HINT: Start with the PoV
Block C (1-3) English 11
We listened to the radio broadcast of Orson Welles' adaptation of War of the Worlds. You compared and contrasted the radio script with the novel
FOR NEXT CLASS: 3 journal/letter pieces from the perspectives of the boy, the narrator's wife, and a member of the military. Also, the comparison between the radio play and the book.
Block B (1-2) English 9
You had this class to complete your Raven storyboards
FOR NEXT CLASS: Find 2 poetry examples of each of the terms we took notes on last class.
Block A (1-1) English 9
We went to see the school production of Lady Dracula.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Find 2 poetry examples of each of the terms we took notes on last class.
The groups presented the Martian Invasion plans. There were some interesting ideas but not a whole lot of deep thought exhibited overall. Please take the time to think carefully about these little assignments. It'll be helpful in the long run of this unit.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Have the balance of your journal entry/letters done.
Block F (2-2) English 8
You had this class to rehearse and prepare your Reader's Theatre presentation for Monday's performance.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Have your props/costumes ready and be well-rehearsed for Monday's performance.
Block E (2-1) English 8
You had this class to rehearse and prepare your Reader's Theatre presentation for Monday's performance.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Have your props/costumes ready and be well-rehearsed for Monday's performance.
In preparation for the May 13th test, we reviewed specific individuals and terms that were significant to this last unit.
Block C (1-3) English 11
Groups met again to complete the Martian Invasion Reaction Plan.
You were able to present most of Parts 1-3 today. Nice work.
Block B (1-2) English 9
You took notes on Poetry Terms today. We got to the end of the "E"s.
Block A (1-3) English 9
You took notes on Poetry Terms today. We got to the "I"s.
FOR NEXT CLASS: We will be seeing the school production of Lady Dracula. Please do not bring any bags to class but DO come and meet in Portable 5 at the beginning of Engaged Reading WITH A BOOK. Asia and Michael, I still need your $4.
And while we were in school today, the folks at Science World in Vancouver got a visit from a grey whale....
First day with War of the Worlds (NOT "World of Warcraft"). You were to have read Chapters 1-7 in order to be able to examine human reaction to the crisis presented by the Martian invasion.
In groups, you discussed how you would handle information dissemination, communication with the invaders, ensuring safety and survival of the human population.
For summaries of the chapters (to be read AFTER you've read the actual chapters) click HERE.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Read Chapters 8-12.
Block F (2-2) English 8
You had today's class in the library to complete your Readers Theatre script, type it out, and begin planning for the staging.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Be prepared to rehearse.
MONDAY, MAY 10, 2010: Performances
Block E (2-1) English 8
You had today's class in the library to complete your Readers Theatre script, type it out, and begin planning for the staging.
It was a notes day today on John A's National Policy. Be sure to know the three parts of the National Policy, the members of the CPR Syndicate, and the reasons for moving the CPR route.
Block C (1-3) English 11
First day with War of the Worlds (NOT "World of Warcraft"). You were to have read Chapters 1-7 in order to be able to examine human reaction to the crisis presented by the Martian invasion.
In groups, you discussed how you would handle information dissemination, communication with the invaders, ensuring safety and survival of the human population.
For summaries of the chapters (to be read AFTER you've read the actual chapters) click HERE.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Read Chapters 8-12.
Block B (1-2) English 9
You had the WHOLE CLASS to finish your storyboard for "The Raven".
Block A (1-1) English 9
You had the WHOLE CLASS to finish your storyboard for "The Raven".
We were in the computer lab today. You were to complete a timeline from 1850-1871 of the events and people involved in BC Confederation into Canada. Most of the links used are found at http://bcheritage.ca/helmcken/ and by Googling "BC confederation Canada -labour" (It's important to include the "-labour" part).
Completed timelines should be in .doc format NOT .docx (PLEASE!) and emailed to: dkeng@sd38.bc.ca before class on Thursday, April 29, 2010
FOR NEXT CLASS: Please meet back at the computer lab.
You handed in snack-making instructions. I handed them back randomly and you were to create a graphic representation in EIGHT cells of the instructions you were given (not your own). This was due in at the end of class.
Block A (1-1) English 9
You handed in snack-making instructions. I handed them back randomly and you were to create a graphic representation in EIGHT cells of the instructions you were given (not your own). This was due in at the end of class.
You had time to work on your BC Confederation triple poster and to start your compare and contrast chart of pro-confed, pro-annex, and pro-colony interest groups.
CHALLENGE ISSUED: Learn Yakko's World by heart INCLUDING the inter-verse dance moves. No notes, no prompting, no group presentations. A successful challenger earns a bye on the next test. This has not been accomplished to date.
If your comic strip was done, you had the chance to try out your school instructions. If not, you had time to complete the comic strip.
The new assignment is to write step-by-step instructions, aka "task analysis", of the routine in making a snack in your own kitchen. For example, a peanut-butter and jelly sandwich with a glass of milk and some sliced-up fruit. If you choose to do your own snack, it must be at least as involved as the example. Remember, this is a TASK ANALYSIS. Instructions must be PRECISE. It should begin something like:
1) Begin by facing the refrigerator
2) Open the cupboard immediately to the left of the refrigerator
3) Take out a plate.
4) Put plate on counter
5) Close cupboard.
DO NOT worry about the steps you take within your kitchen (saying "Go to the refrigerator" is fine) but DO include directional instructions like "Turn 90 degrees to your left"
FOR NEXT CLASS: Good copies of school directions, Vampires from Venus comic strip, and sandwich instructions must be handed in.
Block A (1-1) English 9
If your illustrated journal entry was done, you had the chance to try out your school instructions. If not, you had time to complete the illustrated journal entry.
The new assignment is to write step-by-step instructions, aka "task analysis", of the routine in making a snack in your own kitchen. For example, a peanut-butter and jelly sandwich with a glass of milk and some sliced-up fruit. If you choose to do your own snack, it must be at least as involved as the example. Remember, this is a TASK ANALYSIS. Instructions must be PRECISE. It should begin something like:
1) Begin by facing the refrigerator
2) Open the cupboard immediately to the left of the refrigerator
3) Take out a plate.
4) Put plate on counter
5) Close cupboard.
DO NOT worry about the steps you take within your kitchen (saying "Go to the refrigerator" is fine) but DO include directional instructions like "Turn 90 degrees to your left"
FOR NEXT CLASS: Good copies of school directions, Vampires from Venus illustrated journal entry, and sandwich instructions must be handed in.
"Watched" this game on Twitter last night. Actual goal was even more thrilling...
You wrote poetic endings for your epic journey conclusions.
We looked at the written piece,"Vampires from Venus" and you were assigned a 6-cell comic strip adapted from the story.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Hand in comic strip
Block A (1-1) English 9
You wrote poetic endings for your epic journey conclusions.
We looked at the written piece,"Vampires from Venus" and you were assigned a journal entry adapted from ONE major event in the story with a relevant hand-drawn illustration.
You had a TOC Student Teacher in today. Please see Miss Brown's Blog.
Block F (2-2) English 8
Lucky ducks, you got me back as a teacher today. We started our Readers' Theatre unit and discussed and demonstrated the qualities expected in good Readers' Theatre. After our demonstrations, your groups were given one-page stories to adapt into a Readers' Theatre script.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Have your own lines ready for rehearsal.
Block E (2-1) English 8
Lucky ducks, you got me back as a teacher today. We started our Readers' Theatre unit and discussed and demonstrated the qualities expected in good Readers' Theatre. After our demonstrations, your groups were given one-page stories to adapt into a Readers' Theatre script.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Have your own lines ready for rehearsal.
We started with a short map reading/instruction following activity. (It was Matt, by the way.)
You then had the class to create a set of directional instructions for a blindfolded newcomer to find their way through your Day 1 travel routine. Good copies of the directions are due at the beginning of Tuesday's class.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Be prepared to write the central bulk of your Epic Journey story. This will include the trip to your destination and your activities during the journey. In short, FROM the moment you step out the door UNTIL you start home but NOT INCLUDING your journey home.
Block A (1-1) English 9
We started with a short map reading/instruction following activity. (It was Matt, by the way.) You then had the class to create a set of directional instructions for a blindfolded newcomer to find their way through your Day 1 travel routine.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Be prepared to write the central bulk of your Epic Journey story. This will include the trip to your destination and your activities during the journey. In short, FROM the moment you step out the door UNTIL you start home but NOT INCLUDING your journey home.
Today's video is a pretty clear explanation for America's obesity problem...
Completed CPR trains were due today. In addition, you were asked to write a paragraph (half a page, single-spaced) which explains how your caboose car represents the CPR's legacy to Canada.
You had a work period on your CPR trains. There will be time to complete them next class.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Have a completed caboose to attach to the end of your train.
Block A (1-1) English 9
You did some global connection writing today. On a map of the world, you were asked to identify 25 places that you connect to whether through travel, friends/family, television/movies, or the news. For each location, we were to explain your connection in a sentence and then, in 2-4 sentences, explain what you know about the place through that connection.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Work on completing the 25.
Block B (1-2) English 9
You did some global connection writing today. On a map of the world, you were asked to identify 25 places that you connect to whether through travel, friends/family, television/movies, or the news. For each location, we were to explain your connection in a sentence and then, in 2-4 sentences, explain what you know about the place through that connection.
Arts and Crafts Day!! You were given four train cars with which to create a metaphorical representation of the CPR in Canada. You were to decorate and populate the locomotive with the driving forces (people, events, etc) in the creation of the CPR, the fuel(coal) car with the materials and people needed to build it, the passenger car with those who benefitted and the freight car with the individuals/groups/things that suffered in its creation.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Create, decorate and populate a caboose (that's the last car in a train :) which represents the legacy of the CPR. It can be any shape, decorated with words, images, phrases, names, etc of your choice and reasoning. The car should fill half a sheet of letter sized paper. ALSO, please bring your art supplies. Scissors, glue, felts and/or pencil crayons.
Block A (1-1) English 9
We were in the library for a class of "musical books".
FOR NEXT CLASS: Write a one-page (double-spaced) proposal or summary of what your final journey writing piece will be on. This is a trip that you took to a destination outside of British Columbia OR which involved a longer than two week period of time (for example, a month at the cabin). Your summary should include the who, where, when and why as well as several (three or more) activities/adventures/incidents which occurred in the planning, travel or return.
Block B (1-2) English 9
We were in the library for a class of "musical books". You had a chance to read FOUR different travel writers and record your responses to them.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Write a one-page (double-spaced) proposal or summary of what your final journey writing piece will be on. This is a trip that you took to a destination outside of British Columbia OR which involved a longer than two week period of time (for example, a month at the cabin). Your summary should include the who, where, when and why as well as several (three or more) activities/adventures/incidents which occurred in the planning, travel or return.
We marked the CPR quizzes. Vocabulary banks (in the form of 2 word searches) and two scrambled word worksheets were handed out.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Complete vocabulary banks. Bring pencil crayons, felts, scissors and glue.
Block A (1-1) English 9
Those students who completed their homework presented their researched travel stories. All FIVE of them. :( The article "Journey to the World's End" about Tasmania was handed out. You had the class to read it over and compare it to John Mitchell's "Airport Arrivals are Hell" or your researched travel story. These were handed in at the end of class.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Write a 3-5 page, double-spaced and typed (or single-spaced if hand-written) personal BC travel story. This journey must take you out of the Greater Vancouver/Fraser Valley region but NOT out of British Columbia.
Block B (1-2) English 9
Those students who completed their homework presented their researched travel stories. The article "Journey to the World's End" about Tasmania was handed out. You had the class to read it over and compare it to John Mitchell's "Airport Arrivals are Hell" or your researched travel story. These were handed in at the end of class.
FOR NEXT CLASS: Write a 3-5 page, double-spaced and typed (or single-spaced if hand-written) personal BC travel story. This journey must take you out of the Greater Vancouver/Fraser Valley region but NOT out of British Columbia.
Block C (1-3) English 11 Please see Miss Brown's Blog (link in right sidebar)
Block D (1-4) Socials 10
We started the CPR (Canadian Pacific Railway) unit today. We discussed the major factors in its creation, what was needed for its completion, who benefited most and who suffered. You took notes on pages 228-9, and 234-6 and answered questions 1-3 on page 236.
Block A (1-1) English 9
I collected the last of the Much Ado About Nothing assignments.
We started looking at travel writing with articles by Alastair Humphreys (A Man With A Bike) and John Mitchell (Airport Arrivals are Hell). You did a half hour free write on a local travel experience (Richmond/Steveston/Vancouver)
FOR NEXT CLASS: Find a travel article (online/magazine/newspaper/chapter from a book), read it through and familiarize yourself with it well enough to present the information about the author, the area and the experience to the class.
Block B (1-2) English 9
I collected the last of the Much Ado About Nothing assignments.
We started looking at travel writing with articles by Alastair Humphreys (A Man With A Bike) and John Mitchell (Airport Arrivals are Hell). You did a half hour free write on a local travel experience (Richmond/Steveston/Vancouver)
FOR NEXT CLASS: Find a travel article (online/magazine/newspaper/chapter from a book), read it through and familiarize yourself with it well enough to present the information about the author, the area and the experience to the class.
This is a class and homework blog for students in Miss Keng's class at McRoberts Secondary. Please check in here regularly for class synopses, upcoming assignments and assessments, and the occasional bonus point offer. Staying up-to-date can only help.
Questions can be posted publicly here or emailed directly to dkeng@sd38.bc.ca
I am a happy and self-declared geek of movies, television, (good) fantasy novels, and pop culture. I want more time to read, write and knit. I am not eighty years old.
I like a good discussion. I like creativity. I like a good joke. I dislike laziness, a mean spirit, and unnecessary fuss.
